Propose Design of New Cross Section by Using One Dimensional HEC-RAS at Maran River, Pahang

Continuous rains in Maran, Pahang cause the river’s water capacity to increase and become more complex. The river system is important for controlling water distribution in terms of quantity, quality, time and system capability. The problem that arises is the river unable to accommodate large quantities of water that cause flooding at the research area. This study was conducted to analyze cross-section data and steady flow data at selected chainage in order to produce the river cross section and to solve flood problems by changing the sections of river channel by using HEC-RAS. All the data such as cross-section data, manning values, contraction and expansion data obtained from Maran Irrigation and Drainage Department while the discharge value was calculated using Rational Method for 10 years, 50 years and 100 years. From the result, the analysis of the cross section include with the affected area of floodplain was identified. According to the hydraulic model generated by HEC-RAS software, 9 of 10 stations found will be flooded since they were unable to accommodate the water flow. From this study, the modification of channels was proposed and the simulation of the new cross section showed that the channel can accommodate water flow till 100 years and not faced flood anymore. In a meantime, the DID department can prepared and give an early warning about the flood incident. It expected that the research area will not experience flooding as befor

Stormwater Drainage Design (Case Study: UTHM Campus)

The impervious surface has risen as a result of development is growing rapidly. Impervious surfaces are considered to have poor water permeability as the surface prevents water from penetrating it which can lead to increased surface runoff. The rise of surface runoff at impervious area such as paved road and parking area will be far more severe especially when there is no existing drain nearby at Jalan Kolej in UTHM Campus. Along with the condition of road chambers that have slope to drain surface runoff to the road shoulder also may increase the surface runoff drastically in that area as the water will accumulate more due to slow infiltration rate. Therefore, the objective of this case study is to determine runoff problem at impervious area that may cause flash flood as well as to propose a good design for new storm water drainage. In this study, the rational method and Manning's equation were applied. Rational method was used to determine the peak runoff in the study area and Manning's equation was used to ensure that the stormwater drain designed were able to accommodate peak surface runoff. As a result, it was discovered that the poor infiltration rate in the study area was also a contributing factor to increasing impervious surface runoff. The lowest infiltration rate discovered in UTHM Campus was 9.78 mm/hr. In order to decreased surface runoff on impervious surfaces while minimising the risk of flash floods, the designed stormwater drain should be able to accommodate peak flow. The peak discharge at the study area was at subcatchment 3 with 1.723 m3/s while the designed stormwater drainage capacity was 4.119 m3/s. By doing this study, runoff problems were identified and a stormwater drain was developed to mitigate the problem in the study area

Mapping of Potential Groundwater Using Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) at Low Land Area of Parit Raja Johor

Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) has emerged as an important technique in geophysical surveys for gaining more information and locating hidden water. This method was used at Parit Raja, Johor to investigate the location of underground water storage. Two-dimensional (2D) geoelectrical imaging has been used for this study. The imaging method was used at three different locations in the study area to identify potential aquifer and suitable locations for boreholes that would serve as observation wells. A Schlumberger array was set up during data acquisition since it can imagine deeper profile data and suitable for areas with a homogeneous layer. For 2D subsurface images, the raw data were processed with the RES2DINV software. According to the ERI results, this area was dominant with low resistivity values of less than 10 Ωm and potential shallow aquifer depths ranging from 10 to 30 m. Furthermore, the chargeability value obtained from Induced Polarization (IP) supported this point. According to the IP data, the chargeability at that point was between 0 and 1 ms, indicating the presence of a groundwater in the study area

Mapping of Potential Groundwater Using Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) at Low Land Area of Parit Raja Johor

Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) has emerged as an important technique in geophysical surveys for gaining more information and locating hidden water. This method was used at Parit Raja, Johor to investigate the location of underground water storage. Two-dimensional (2D) geoelectrical imaging has been used for this study. The imaging method was used at three different locations in the study area to identify potential aquifer and suitable locations for boreholes that would serve as observation wells. A Schlumberger array was set up during data acquisition since it can imagine deeper profile data and suitable for areas with a homogeneous layer. For 2D subsurface images, the raw data were processed with the RES2DINV software. According to the ERI results, this area was dominant with low resistivity values of less than 10 Ωm and potential shallow aquifer depths ranging from 10 to 30 m. Furthermore, the chargeability value obtained from Induced Polarization (IP) supported this point. According to the IP data, the chargeability at that point was between 0 and 1 ms, indicating the presence of a groundwater in the study area

A Laboratory Investigation on Flow Rate Coefficient for Compound Weir

Abstract: The determination of the flowrate in an open channel can be obtained indirectly through the application of the weir. Therefore, the flow rate coefficient is significant as the value will differ based on the shape of the weir. Compound weirs are suitable shapes for rivers that have low flow levels during the dry season and high flow during the rainy season. The purpose of the study is to determine the flowrate coefficient, Cd values, using a rectangular-triangular weir. The method used was an experimental study by using nine models of compound weirs with different measurements of V-notch angle, θ, and length of weir, L. The highest value for Cd is 0.47 which characteristics weir, L = 0.10 m, θ = 50o (Model 2) at H = 0.076 m. Meanwhile, the lowest value of Cd is 0.11 which characteristics weir, L = 0.15 m, θ = 50o (Model 8) at H = 0.025 m. Furthermore, V-notch angle, θ = 50o is the best angle of V-notch when combined with all constant L (0.1 m, 0.12 m, and 0.15 m). The correlation between Cd and H, and Qexp and Qtheory show good relations between variables except for Model 7. It is shown that the flowrate and measurement of the weir influence the flowrate coefficient, Cd. In conclusion the value of the flow rate coefficient, Cd can be identified for high and low water flows before being used at the actual site. Therefore, an exact value of discharge is a design criterion that must be met by the hydraulic structure. If the discharge is overestimated, the structure might collapse, and if the discharge is underestimated, the structure might not last very long owing to weakness.   Keywords: Compound weirs, Flowrate coefficient, experimental study, Rectangular-Triangular wei

Trend Analysis of Tides Level and Projection Sea Level Rise On the West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia

Globally, sea levels are rising due to climate change caused by humans. Current and future sea level rise will have a variety of effects, particularly on coastal infrastructure. This study analysed the tidal level trend and projected sea level rise along the western coast of peninsular Malaysia using tide level records collected between 1986 and 2012. The seasonal Mann-Kendall test and linear trend were used to determine the tide level trend over time and to predict sea level rise for 2050 and 2100. Based on a confidence interval of 95%, the results of the analysis indicated a rising trend at all stations. Tau values for the Mann-Kendall test range between 0.16 and 0.33, while seasonal Mann-Kendall values range between 0.18 and 0.41. Based on the sea level projection analysis, the mean sea level will rise between 8.77 cm and 14.29 cm in 2050, and between 20.44 cm and 33.20 cm in 2100. In conclusion, the sea level trend at all stations on the west coasts of peninsular Malaysia exhibits an upward trend

Trend Analysis of Tides Level and Projection Sea Level Rise On the West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia

Globally, sea levels are rising due to climate change caused by humans. Current and future sea level rise will have a variety of effects, particularly on coastal infrastructure. This study analysed the tidal level trend and projected sea level rise along the western coast of peninsular Malaysia using tide level records collected between 1986 and 2012. The seasonal Mann-Kendall test and linear trend were used to determine the tide level trend over time and to predict sea level rise for 2050 and 2100. Based on a confidence interval of 95%, the results of the analysis indicated a rising trend at all stations. Tau values for the Mann-Kendall test range between 0.16 and 0.33, while seasonal Mann-Kendall values range between 0.18 and 0.41. Based on the sea level projection analysis, the mean sea level will rise between 8.77 cm and 14.29 cm in 2050, and between 20.44 cm and 33.20 cm in 2100. In conclusion, the sea level trend at all stations on the west coasts of peninsular Malaysia exhibits an upward trend

Determination of flow resistance coefficient for vegetation in open channel: laboratory study

This study focused on determination of flow resistances coefficient for grass in an open channel. Laboratory works were conducted to examine the effects of varying of roughness elements on the flume to determine flow resistance coefficient and also to determine the optimum flow resistance with five different flow rate, Q. Laboratory study with two type of vegetation which are Cow Grass and Pearl Grass were implementing to the bed of a flume. The roughness coefficient, n value is determine using Manning’s equation while Soil Conservation Services (SCS) method was used to determine the surface resistance. From the experiment, the flow resistance coefficient for Cow Grass in range 0.0008 - 0.0039 while Pearl Grass value for the flow resistance coefficient are in between 0.0013 - 0.0054. As a conclusion the vegetation roughness value in open channel are depends on density, distribution type of vegetation used and physical characteristic of the vegetation itsel

Effect of serving time on microbiological quality of food served (chicken dish and rice) during wedding banquet

Ayam masak merah (chicken in tomato sauce) and nasi minyak (flavoured ghee rice) are among the common dish served in Malay wedding banquet. The microbiological quality of these dishes becomes a concern when there was a food poisoning that caused four deaths after attending the wedding banquet. Therefore, the aim of this work is to investigate the microbiological quality of ayam masak merah and nasi minyak during the serving time (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours) at the wedding banquet. The microbiological analysis were; total plate count (TPC), total coliform, Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella spp., and Listeria spp. The results showed that ayam masak merah has the highest count for TPC, total coliform, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, but low count in Listeria spp. and Salmonella spp. was not detected. Highest TPC was observed at the first hour of serving time, 7.33 log CFU/g, while for total coliforms and Staphylococcus aureus was at the 4 hours of serving time, 7.44 log CFU/g and 7.27 log CFU/g respectively

Flood analysis of Sg. Galas at Dabong, Kelantan by using the HEC-HMS software

Extreme flood cause disasters such as loss of life, property and resources. In Malaysia, the occurrence of floods is due to a lot of factors. One of the major factors is because of the rapid development especially in floodplain area in Lembah Klang and Kuala Lumpur. The increase in the development will automatically increase the impervious area and as the result, the runoff will also increase. This increase will produce more water from the rainfall in the river and this is why flooding happens so often in these areas. If flood can be predicted, control and managed systematically, the losses due to flood can always be prevented or at least minimized. This study focused on the utilization of a computer program called HEC-HMS to estimate the flood discharges for various return periods. The Sungai Galas catchment at Dabong, Kelantan was used as a case study. The total catchment area of Sungai Galas is 3970 km2. Recorded hydrologic data from Sungai Galas basin was used in evaluation and testing of the model. Model evaluation involved calibration and verification. The rainfall and discharge data were obtained from Hydrology and Water Resources Division, the Department of Irrigation and Drainage. Records are available since 1980. Simulation was performed using data from a selected event for calibrating the model parameters